Theorem of the Day

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Theorem of the Day is maintained by Robin Whitty. Comments or suggestions are welcomed by me.
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Index of Mathematicians (and honorary mathematicians)

This index lists the individuals whose mathematics is celebrated on this site. Theorem of the Day's theorem descriptions generally include an attempt to attribute the theorem to specific people and it is these people who are currently included in this index. I would be very grateful to have inaccuracies brought to my attention (either by emailing me or writing in the Visitors' Book). If a personal hero of yours is missing from the list, please suggest a theorem of theirs which I can add to Theorem of the Day, thereby including them here.

Clicking on a theorem will take you to the pdf description of it offered by this website. Highlighting the theorem will also bring up its entry in the main theorem list where full information about the theorem entry may be found.

Clicking on the name of a mathematician will open a new window with their biography from, say, MacTutor, Numericana.com or Wikipedia, if one exists; failing that, you will get their own web page. Where I could find nothing helpful about them at all to link to you will get instead my list of mathematicians deserving a better web presence ...

The page features pop-up menus, potentially an enemy to accessibility. It will probably work on Android phones but not iPhones. I borrowed the css from Andrey Ciclicci. Thank you also to John H. Halton whose idea this index was.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A	Tatyana Pavlovna van Aardenne-Ehrenfest see van Aardenne-Ehrenfest Harvey Abbott Singmaster's Binomial Multiplicity Bound Theorem 204 Niels Henrik Abel (1802–1829) The Abel–Hurwitz Binomial Theorem Theorem 89 Wilhelm Ackermann (1896–1962) The Insolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem Theorem 186 Louigi Addario-Berry The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 Alexander Adrian Albert (1905–1972) The Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether Main Theorem Theorem 158 James W. Alexander (1888–1971) Reidemeister's Theorem Theorem 67 Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (965–1040) Wilson's Theorem Theorem 194 Jamshid al-Kāshi (c. 1380–1429) al-Kāshi's Law of Cosines Theorem 188 Emmanuel Amiot The Generalised Hexachord Theorem Theorem 93 Ian Anderson A Theorem of Anderson, Cameron and Preece on Groups of Units Theorem 243 Alfredo Andreini (1870–1943) The Classification of the Semiregular Tilings Theorem 205 George E. Andrews The Andrews-Garvan-Dyson Crank Theorem 172 Kenneth Appel (1932–2013) The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Archimedes of Syracuse (287 BC–212 BC) Archimedes' Equiareal Map Theorem Theorem 181 Jean Robert Argand (1768–1822) The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Theorem 5 Kenneth J. Arrow (1921–2017) Arrow's Theorem Theorem 69 Emil Artin (1898–1962) The Wedderburn–Artin Theorem Theorem 123 Herman Theodor Rendtorff Aude (1880–1955) Lin McMullin's Theorem Theorem 165 T.L. Austin Distribution of Local Maxima in Random Samples Theorem 257

B	László Babai Netto's Conjecture (Dixon's Theorem) Theorem 49 Charles Babbage (1791–1871) Wolstenholme's Theorem Theorem 226 Milton Babbit (1916–2011) Babbit's Theorem Theorem 106 The Generalised Hexachord Theorem Theorem 93 Claude Gaspar Bachet de Méziriac (1581–1638) Lagrange's Four Squares Theorem Theorem 11 Bézout's Identity Theorem 249 Jenny A. Baglivo A Rectangular Tensegrity Theorem Theorem 140 R.A. Bailey Bailey's Theorem on Latin Squares Theorem 53 Stefan Banach (1892–1945) The Contraction Mapping Theorem Theorem 145 The Well-Ordering Theorem Theorem 17 Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (1915–1975) The Pumping Lemma Theorem 105 Ruth Aaronson Bari (1917–2005) Tutte's Golden Identity Theorem 223 Isaac Barrow (1630–1677) The Fundamental Theorem of the Calculus Theorem 6 Thomas Bayes (1702–1761) Bayes' Theorem Theorem 10 The Total Probability Theorem Theorem 133 Jillian Beardwood (1934–2019) The Beardwood–Halton–Hammersley Theorem Theorem 109 Lowell Beineke Beineke's Theorem on Line Graphs Theorem 48 A Theorem of Erdős and Wilson on Edge Colouring Theorem 117 Frank A. Benford Jr. (1883–1948) Benford's Law Theorem 31 Claude Berge (1926–2002) The Strong Perfect Graph Theorem Theorem 60 Gerald Berman (1924–2012) Tutte's Golden Identity Theorem 223 Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) Binet's Formula Theorem 45 Jacob Bernoulli (1645–1705) Faulhaber's Formula Theorem 222 Johann Bernoulli (1667–1748) The Sophomore's Dream Theorem 147 L'Hospital's Rule Theorem 191 Felix Bernstein (1878–1956) The Cantor–Bernstein–Schröder Theorem Theorem 196 Jospeh Bertrand (1822–1900) Bertrand's Ballot Theorem Theorem 252 Etienne Bézout (1730–1783) Bézout's Identity Theorem 249 Manjul Bhargava The Fifteen Theorem Theorem 79 Bhaskara (1114–1185) The Quadratic Formula Theorem 92 Norman L. Biggs Cameron's Theorem on Distance-Transitive Graphs Theorem 46 Jacques Binet (1786–1856) Binet's Formula Theorem 45 Bryan John Birch Neumann's Separation Lemma Theorem 64 Garrett Birkhoff (1911–1996) The Birkhoff–von Neumann Theorem Theorem 57 George David Birkhoff (1884–1944) The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Tutte's Golden Identity Theorem 223 Hans Blichfeldt (1873–1945) Minkowski's Convex Body Theorem Theorem 200 Piers Bohl (1865–1921) Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem Theorem 18 Paul du Bois-Reymond see du Bois-Reymond Ethan D. Bolker A Rectangular Tensegrity Theorem Theorem 140 Béla Bollobás The LYM Inequality Theorem 244 Bernard Bolzano (1781–1848 The Intermediate Value Theorem Theorem 267 Rafael Bombelli (1526–1572) Cardano's Cubic Formula Theorem 90 John Adrian Bondy A Tripartite Turán Theorem Theorem 155 Ore's Theorem in Graph Theory Theorem 230 Bondy's Subset Theorem Theorem 265 Alicia Boole Stott (1860–1940) The Classification of Archimedean 4-Polytopes Theorem 160 Carl Wilhelm Borchardt (1817–1880) Cayley's Formula (Tree Enumeration) Theorem 94 Sylvester's Law of Inertia Theorem 142 Emile Borel (1871–1956) The Heine–Borel Theorem Theorem 177 Karol Borsuk (1905–1982) The Borsuk–Ulam Theorem Theorem 122 Raj Chandra Bose (1901–1987) The Bose Equivalence Theorem in Design Theory Theorem 54 Fisher's Inequality Theorem 228 Mireille Bousquet-Mélou The Lecture Hall Partition Theorem Theorem 156 Douglas Bowman Euler's Continued Fraction Correspondence Theorem 203 Thomas Bradwardine (c. 1295–1349) The Merton College Theorem Theorem 20 Brahmagupta (598–670) Brahmagupta's Formula Theorem 76 Richard Dagobert Brauer (1901–1977) The Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether Main Theorem Theorem 158 David Brée The Ollerenshaw–Brée Formula Theorem 129 Lev Bregman Bregman's Theorem Theorem 112 Carl Anton Bretschneider (1808–1878) Brahmagupta's Formula Theorem 76 Christophe Breuil Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 Garland Baird Briggs (1894?–1959?) Reidemeister's Theorem Theorem 67 Achille Brocot (1817–1878) Countability of the Rationals Theorem 255 Luitzen E. J. Brouwer (1881–1966) Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem Theorem 18 Johnny Earl Brown Sendov's Conjecture Theorem 178 John Wesley Brown The Existence Theorem for Orthogonal Diagonal Latin Squares Theorem 131 Richard Hubert Bruck (1914–1991) The Bruck–Ryser–Chowla Theorem Theorem 3 Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn see de Bruijn Viggo Brun (1885–1978) Brun's Theorem Theorem 21 Rolf Bungers (1909–1942) The Bungers–Lehmer Theorem on Cyclotomic Coefficients Theorem 175 Robert G. Burns Neumann's Separation Lemma Theorem 64 William Burnside (1852–1927) The Cauchy–Frobenius Lemma Theorem 15

C	Peter J. Cameron Cameron's Theorem on Distance-Transitive Graphs Theorem 46 The Sims Conjecture Theorem 65 An Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem on Intersecting Permutations Theorem 66 The Cameron–Fon-Der-Flaass IBIS Theorem Theorem 174 A Theorem of Anderson, Cameron and Preece on Groups of Units Theorem 243 Georg Cantor (1845–1918) Cantor's Uncountability Theorem Theorem 22 Cantor's Theorem Theorem 23 The Cantor–Bernstein–Schröder Theorem Theorem 196 Countability of the Rationals Theorem 255 Girolamo Cardano (1501–1576) Cardano's Cubic Formula Theorem 90 David Cariolaro (1969–2014) 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 Robert Daniel Carmichael (1879–1967) A Theorem on Modular Fibonacci Periodicity Theorem 235 Elie Joseph Cartan (1869–1951) The Change of Variables Theorem Theorem 134 The Wedderburn–Artin Theorem Theorem 123 John Lawrence (Larry) Carter The Bruck–Ryser–Chowla Theorem Theorem 3 Mary Cartwright (1900–1998) Cartwright's Theorem Theorem 98 John William Scott Cassels (1922–2015) Catalan's Conjecture Theorem 118 Eugène Charles Catalan (1814–1894) Catalan's Conjecture Theorem 118 Pietro Antonio Cataldi (1548–1626) The Euclid–Euler Theorem Theorem 128 Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789–1857) The Fundamental Theorem of the Calculus Theorem 6 The Cauchy–Kovalevskya Theorem Theorem 88 The Cauchy–Frobenius Lemma Theorem 15 Sylvester's Law of Inertia Theorem 142 Lagrange's Theorem Theorem 41 Taylor's Theorem Theorem 217 Cauchy's Theorem in Group Theory Theorem 227 The Alternating Series Test Theorem 245 The Polygonal Number Theorem Theorem 262 Cauchy's Lemma in Number Theory Theorem 262 Bonaventura Francesco Cavalieri(1598–1647) Torricelli's Trumpet Theorem 208 Arthur Cayley (1821–1895) Cayley's Theorem (Group Theory) Theorem 85 Cayley's Formula (Tree Enumeration) Theorem 94 Melody Chan A Theorem of Melody Chan on Group Actions Theorem 51 Alexey Yakovlevich Chervonenkis (1938–2014) Bondy's Subset Theorem Theorem 265 Fred Cherry (1926–2003) The Existence Theorem for Orthogonal Diagonal Latin Squares Theorem 131 Amanda Chetwynd 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 Sarvadaman D. S. Chowla (1907–1995) The Bruck–Ryser–Chowla Theorem Theorem 3 Nikolai Grigor'evich Chudakov (1904–1986) The Erdős Discrepancy Conjecture Theorem 209 Maria Chudnovsky The Strong Perfect Graph Theorem Theorem 60 Fan Chung The Panarboreal Formula Theorem 146 Alonzo Church (1903–1995) The Insolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem Theorem 186 Václav (Vašek) Chvatál The Strong Perfect Graph Theorem Theorem 60 The Art Gallery Theorem Theorem 198 Henry Cohn Strassen's Matrix Theorem Theorem 139 Michele Conforti The Strong Perfect Graph Theorem Theorem 60 Brian Conrad Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 John H. Conway (1937–2020) The Fifteen Theorem Theorem 79 The Classification of Archimedean 4-Polytopes Theorem 160 Turing-completeness of Conway's Game of Life Theorem 266 Stephen Cook Cook's Theorem Theorem 14 James Cooley (1926–2016) The Convolution Theorem Theorem 95 Julian Lowell Coolidge (1873–1954) Brahmagupta's Formula Theorem 76 Don Coppersmith Strassen's Matrix Theorem Theorem 139 Gérard Cornuéjols The Strong Perfect Graph Theorem Theorem 60 Sylvie Corteel The Polynomial Coprimality Theorem Theorem 116 Roger Cotes (1682–1716) Euler's Formula Theorem 206 Irrationality of Circumference of Unit Circle Theorem 216 Harold Scott MacDonald (Donald) Coxeter (1907–2003) The Classification of Archimedean 4-Polytopes Theorem 160 Carl Harald Cramér (1893–1985) The Large Prime Gaps Theorem Theorem 241 Gabriel Cramer (1704–1752) Cramer's Rule Theorem 268 Henry Crapo (1932–2019) A Rectangular Tensegrity Theorem Theorem 140 Béla Csaba 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80

D	Ketan Dalal The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 George B. Dantzig (1914–2005) The Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem Theorem 168 Martin Davis (1928–2023) The DPRM Theorem Theorem 30 David Daykin (1956–1998) Zeckendorf's Theorem Theorem 42 Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn (1918–2012) The BEST Theorem Theorem 171 Richard Dedekind (1831–1916) The Cantor–Bernstein–Schröder Theorem Theorem 196 Pierre de Fermat see Fermat Jérôme Dégot Sendov's Conjecture Theorem 178 Charles J. G. N. B. de la Vallée Poussin (1866–1962) The Prime Number Theorem Theorem 33 Scipione del Ferro (1465–1526) Cardano's Cubic Formula Theorem 90 Philippe Delsarte The Delsarte–Goethals–Seidel Theorem Theorem 83 Claude Gaspar Bachet de Méziriac see Bachet Abraham De Moivre (1667–1754) Stirling's Approximation Theorem 40 De Moivre's Theorem Theorem 152 The Central Limit Theorem Theorem 7 The Inclusion-Exclusion Principle Theorem 221 Pierre Rémond De Montmort (1678–1719) The Asymptotic Proportion of Derangements Theorem 136 Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871) De Morgan's Laws Theorem 111 The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 René Descartes (1596–1650) The Remainder Theorem Theorem 154 The Descartes Circle Theorem Theorem 179 Michel Marie Deza (1939–2016) An Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem on Intersecting Permutations Theorem 66 Persi Diaconis The Diaconis–Holmes–Montgomery Coin Tossing Theorem Theorem 164 Fred Diamond Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 Leonard Eugene Dickson (1874–1954) The Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether Main Theorem Theorem 158 Wedderburn's Little Theorem Theorem 215 Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (1930–2002) The Pythagorean Theorem Theorem 27 Robert Dilworth (1914–1993) Dilworth's Theorem Theorem 19 Diophantus of Alexandria (c.200–c.284) Lagrange's Four Squares Theorem Theorem 11 Gabriel Andrew Dirac (1925–1984) Ore's Theorem in Graph Theory Theorem 230 Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805–1859) The Friedlander–Iwaniec Theorem Theorem 202 John D. Dixon Netto's Conjecture (Dixon's Theorem) Theorem 49 Dragomir Ž. Djoković A Generalised Hlawka Inequality Theorem 234 Paul David Gustav du Bois-Reymond (1831–1889) The Fundamental Theorem of the Calculus Theorem 6 Andrzej Dudek The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 John Dumbleton (?–c. 1349) The Merton College Theorem Theorem 20 Ioana Dumitriu The Asymptotic (Half) Liar Formula Theorem 126 James A. Dunn Dunn and Pretty's Triangle-Halving Deltoid Theorem 260 Aryeh Dvoretzky (1916–2008) Bertrand's Ballot Theorem Theorem 252 Freeman John Dyson (1923–2020) The Andrews-Garvan-Dyson Crank Theorem 172

E	Jack R. Edmonds The Transversal Matroid Theorem Theorem 157 Jenő Elek Egerváry (1891–1958) Kőnig's Bipartite Matching Theorem Theorem 185 Georgy Egorychev van der Waerden's Conjecture Theorem 113 Tatyana Pavlovna van Aardenne-Ehrenfest see van Aardenne-Ehrenfest EQP The Robbins Problem Theorem 110 Taher Elgamal Bézout's Identity Theorem 249 Peter Elias (1923–2001) The Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem Theorem 168 Eratosthenes of Cyrene The Eratosthenes–Legendre Sieve Theorem 207 Paul Erdős (1913–1996) A Theorem of Erdős and Wilson on Edge Colouring Theorem 117 The Lovász Local Lemma Theorem 120 The Friendship Theorem Theorem 163 The Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem Theorem 195 Singmaster's Binomial Multiplicity Bound Theorem 204 The Erdős Discrepancy Conjecture Theorem 209 Kimmo Eriksson The Lecture Hall Partition Theorem Theorem 156 Euclid of Alexandria (c. 325 BC–c. 265 BC) Euclid's Infinity of Primes Theorem 1 The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic Theorem 5 Brahmagupta's Formula Theorem 76 The Euclid–Euler Theorem Theorem 128 Euclid's Triangular Prism Theorem 149 al-Kāshi's Law of Cosines Theorem 188 Theaetetus' Theorem on the Platonic Solids Theorem 132 The Power of a Point Theorem Theorem 250 Euclid's Pythagorean Formula Theorem 261 Eudoxus of Cnidus (408 BC –355 BC) Euclid's Triangular Prism Theorem 149 Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) Euler's Polyhedral Formula Theorem 26 Euler's Identity Theorem 36 Gauss' Law of Quadratic Reciprocity Theorem 29 The Euler–Hierholzer "Bridges of Königsberg" Theorem Theorem 50 Fermat's Little Theorem Theorem 13 The Euclid–Euler Theorem Theorem 128 The Change of Variables Theorem Theorem 134 The Asymptotic Proportion of Derangements Theorem 136 Euler's Partition Identity Theorem 153 The Existence Theorem for Bachelor Latin Squares Theorem 176 The Handshaking Lemma Theorem 189 Fermat's Two-Squares Theorem Theorem 199 Euler's Continued Fraction Correspondence Theorem 203 Euler's Formula Theorem 206 The Basel Problem Theorem 210 Euler's Even Zeta Formula Theorem 238 Euler's Product Formula for ζ(s) Theorem 246 Euler's Product Formula for Sine Theorem 247 Anthony B. Evans The Existence Theorem for Bachelor Latin Squares Theorem 176 Cecil John Alvin (Jack) Evelyn (1904–1976) The 6-Circles Theorem Theorem 213

F	Robert E. Fagen Distribution of Local Maxima in Random Samples Theorem 257 Dmitry Falikman van der Waerden's Conjecture Theorem 113 Johann Faulhaber (1580–1635) Faulhaber's Formula Theorem 222 Amiel Feinstein The Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem Theorem 168 Samuel P. Ferguson Kepler's Conjecture Theorem 101 Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665) Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 Fermat's Little Theorem Theorem 13 Fermat's Two-Squares Theorem Theorem 199 The Euclid–Euler Theorem Theorem 128 The Polygonal Number Theorem Theorem 262 Scipione del Ferro see del Ferro Nathan Fine (1916–1994) The Goins–Maddox–Rusin Theorem on Heron Triangles Theorem 104 Michael Ellis Fisher Kasteleyn's Theorem Theorem 254 Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890–1962) Fisher's Inequality Theorem 228 Steve Fisk (1946–2010) The Art Gallery Theorem Theorem 198 Dmitri G. Fon-Der-Flaass (1962–2010) The Cameron–Fon-Der-Flaass IBIS Theorem Theorem 174 Anthony D. Forbes The Design of the Century Theorem 100 Kevin Ford The Large Prime Gaps Theorem Theorem 241 Lester Randolph Ford, Jr. The Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem Theorem 168 Péter Frankl An Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem on Intersecting Permutations Theorem 66 Gerhard Frey Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 John Friedlander The Friedlander–Iwaniec Theorem Theorem 202 Alan Frieze Frieze's Theorem on Expected Minimum Tree Length Theorem 193 Orrin Frink (1901–1988) Kuratowski's Theorem Theorem 24 Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (1849–1917) The Cauchy–Frobenius Lemma Theorem 15 The Frobenius–König Theorem Theorem 62 Delbert Raymond Fulkerson (1924–1976) The Transversal Matroid Theorem Theorem 157 The Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem Theorem 168

G	Stephen M. Gagola III The Lagrange Property for Moufang Loops Theorem 114 David Gale (1921–2008) The Stable Marriage Theorem Theorem 68 Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) The Merton College Theorem Theorem 20 Tibor Gallai (1912–1992) Dilworth's Theorem Theorem 19 Evariste Galois (1811–1832) Galois' Theorem on Finite Fields Theorem 58 Cauchy's Theorem in Group Theory Theorem 227 Frank Garvan The Andrews-Garvan-Dyson Crank Theorem 172 Louis Gaultier (1776–1848) The Power of a Point Theorem Theorem 250 Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic Theorem 4 The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Theorem 5 Gauss' Law of Quadratic Reciprocity Theorem 29 Theorema Egregium Theorem 183 The Prime Number Theorem Theorem 33 Wilson's Theorem Theorem 194 Sendov's Conjecture Theorem 178 Gauss's Eureka Theorem Theorem 262 Leopold Bernhard Gegenbauer (1849–1903) The Delsarte–Goethals–Seidel Theorem Theorem 83 Ervin Gergely The Existence Theorem for Orthogonal Diagonal Latin Squares Theorem 131 Sophie Germain (1776–1831) Germain's Theorem Theorem 59 Sophie Germain's Identity Theorem 231 Ellen Gethner A Theorem about Gaussian Moats Theorem 248 Albert Girard (1595–1632) Girard's Theorem Theorem 37 The Girard–Newton Identities Theorem 182 Fermat's Two-Squares Theorem Theorem 199 Michael Giudici A Theorem on Maximal Sum-free Sets in Groups Theorem 214 Giuseppe Giuga Fermat's Little Theorem Theorem 13 James Whitbread Lee Glaisher (1848–1928) Wolstenholme's Theorem Theorem 226 Kurt Gödel (1906–1978) Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem Theorem 74 Gödel's Second Incompleteness Theorem Theorem 75 Jean-Marie Goethals The Delsarte–Goethals–Seidel Theorem Theorem 83 Edray Herber Goins The Goins–Maddox–Rusin Theorem on Heron Triangles Theorem 104 Daniel Goldston The Small Prime Gaps Theorem Theorem 151 Shafi Goldwasser Quadratic Nonresidue is Zero-Knowledge Provable Theorem 161 Reuben Louis Goodstein (1912–1985) Goodstein's Theorem Theorem 73 Basil Gordon (1931–2012) A Theorem about Gaussian Moats Theorem 248 Ralph William Gosper Jr. Turing-completeness of Conway's Game of Life Theorem 266 Thorold Gosset (1869–1962) The Classification of Archimedean 4-Polytopes Theorem 160 The Descartes Circle Theorem Theorem 179 Ronald Graham (1935–2020) A Theorem on Apollonian Circle Packings Theorem 130 The Panarboreal Formula Theorem 146 Jorgen Pedersen Gram (1850–1916) The Riemann Exact Formula Theorem 232 Mike Grannell The Design of the Century Theorem 100 Jack E. Graver A Rectangular Tensegrity Theorem Theorem 140 Ben J. Green The Green–Tao Theorem on Primes in Arithmetic Progression Theorem 32 The Large Prime Gaps Theorem Theorem 241 George Green (1793–1841) Green's Theorem Theorem 224 David Gregory (1659–1708) The Delsarte–Goethals–Seidel Theorem Theorem 83 James Gregory (1638–1675) The Fundamental Theorem of the Calculus Theorem 6 Machin's Formula Theorem 170 Taylor's Theorem Theorem 217 Sheila Greibach The Greibach Normal Form Theorem Theorem 180 Terry S. Griggs The Design of the Century Theorem 100 Alexander Grishkov The Lagrange Property for Moufang Loops Theorem 114 Thomas Hakon Grönwall (1877–1932) The Robin–Lagarias Theorem Theorem 197 Karl W. Gruenberg (1928–2007) Gruenberg's Theorem on Nilpotent Groups Theorem 82 Paul Guldin (1577–1643) The Pappus–Guldin Theorems Theorem 220 Ram Prakash Gupta Vizing's Theorem Theorem 212 Francis Guthrie (1831–1899) The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Michael Guy The Classification of Archimedean 4-Polytopes Theorem 160 Béla Gyires (1909–2001) van der Waerden's Conjecture Theorem 113

H	Jacques Hadamard (1865–1963) The Prime Number Theorem Theorem 33 Brouwer's Fixed Point Theorem Theorem 18 Roland Häggkvist 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 András Hajnal (1931–2016) Bondy's Subset Theorem Theorem 265 Wolfgang Haken Haken's Unknot Theorem Theorem 166 The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Thomas C. Hales Kepler's Conjecture Theorem 101 Dick Wick Hall Tutte's Golden Identity Theorem 223 Jonathan I. Hall The Lagrange Property for Moufang Loops Theorem 114 Philip Hall (1904–1982) The Marriage Theorem Theorem 62 John H. Halton The Beardwood–Halton–Hammersley Theorem Theorem 109 John M. Hammersley (1920–2004) The Beardwood–Halton–Hammersley Theorem Theorem 109 Haim Hanani (1912–1991) The Hanani–Tutte Theorem Theorem 251 Denis Hanson Singmaster's Binomial Multiplicity Bound Theorem 204 Godfrey Harold Hardy (1877–1947) The Hardy–Ramanujan Asymptotic Partition Formula Theorem 115 Thomas Harriot (1560–1621) Girard's Theorem Theorem 37 Orville G. Harrold Jr Heath's Finitely Discontinuous Function Theorem Theorem 162 Sarah Hart A Theorem on Maximal Sum-free Sets in Groups Theorem 214 Helmut Hasse (1898–1979) The Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether Main Theorem Theorem 158 Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham see Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham Jo W. Heath Heath's Finitely Discontinuous Function Theorem Theorem 162 Roger Heath-Brown The Friedlander–Iwaniec Theorem Theorem 202 Heinrich Heesch (1906–1995) The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Heinrich Eduard Heine (1821–1881) The Heine–Borel Theorem Theorem 177 Katherine Heinrich The Existence Theorem for Orthogonal Diagonal Latin Squares Theorem 131 Charles Hermite (1822–1901) Irrationality of Circumference of Unit Circle Theorem 216 Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–c. 75) Brahmagupta's Formula Theorem 76 William Heytesbury (1313–1372/73) The Merton College Theorem Theorem 20 Carl Hierholzer (1840–1871) The Euler–Hierholzer "Bridges of Königsberg" Theorem Theorem 50 David Hilbert (1862–1943) Lagrange's Four Squares Theorem Theorem 11 The Insolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem Theorem 186 Theodore Hill Benford's Law Theorem 31 Anthony Hilton 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 The Existence Theorem for Orthogonal Diagonal Latin Squares Theorem 131 Edmund Hlawka (1916–2009) A Generalised Hlawka Inequality Theorem 234 Otto Ludwig Hölder (1859–1937) Jensen's Inequality Theorem 201 Susan Holmes The Diaconis–Holmes–Montgomery Coin Tossing Theorem Theorem 164 William George Horner (1786–1837) The Remainder Theorem Theorem 154 Hans Hornich (1906–1979) A Generalised Hlawka Inequality Theorem 234 Guillaume de L'Hospital see under L for L'Hospital Yang Hui (c.1238–c.1298) Pascal's Rule Theorem 39 Simon L'Huilier see under L for L'Huilier Edward Vermilye Huntington (1874–1952) The Robbins Problem Theorem 110 Adolf Hurwitz (1859–1919) The Abel–Hurwitz Binomial Theorem Theorem 89

I	Ljubomir Iliev (1913–2013) Sendov's Conjecture Theorem 178 Dennis Ivanov The 6-Circles Theorem Theorem 213 Henryk Iwaniec The Friedlander–Iwaniec Theorem Theorem 202

J	Edouard Jablonski (1848–1923) Moreau's Necklace Formula Theorem 256 Bill Jackson Jackson's Theorem on Compatible Euler Tours Theorem 190 Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804–1851) Sylvester's Law of Inertia Theorem 142 Nathan Jacobson (1910–1999) Schur's Commuting Matrices Bound Theorem 259 Johan Ludwig Jensen (1859–1925) Jensen's Inequality Theorem 201 Peter Jones The Analyst's Travelling Salesman Theorem Theorem 108 Vaughan Frederick Randal Jones (1952–2020) The Jones Knot Polynomial Theorem Theorem 240 Camille Jordan (1838–1932) Lagrange's Theorem Theorem 41

K	Maciej Kalkowski The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 Daniel M. Kane Singmaster's Binomial Multiplicity Bound Theorem 204 Michal Karoński The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 Richard M. Karp Karp's Theorem (Detail) Theorem 187 Jamshid al-Kāshi see Jamshid al-Kāshi Pieter Willem Kasteleyn (1924–1996) Kasteleyn's Theorem Theorem 254 Gyula O.H. Katona The Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem Theorem 195 Louis Hirsch Kauffman The Jones Knot Polynomial Theorem Theorem 240 Lord Kelvin see William Thomson John George Kemeny (1926–1992) Kemeny's Constant Theorem 236 Alfred Bray Kempe (1849–1922) The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) Kepler's Conjecture Theorem 101 The Classification of the Semiregular Tilings Theorem 205 Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) Pascal's Rule Theorem 39 Aleksandr Khinchin (1894–1959) Khinchin's Theorem on Continued Fractions Theorem 91 Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887) The Matrix Tree Theorem Theorem 12 Victor Klee (1925–2007) The Art Gallery Theorem Theorem 198 Esther Klein (1910–2005) The Happy Ending Problem Theorem 99 Robert Kleinberg Strassen's Matrix Theorem Theorem 139 Martin Kneser (1928–2004) Kneser's Conjecture Theorem 119 Donald Ervin Knuth The Robinson–Schensted–Knuth Correspondence Theorem 143 Chao Ko (1910–2002) Catalan's Conjecture Theorem 118 The Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem Theorem 195 John A. Koch The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Boris Konev The Erdős Discrepancy Conjecture Theorem 209 Alan G. Konheim The Parking Function Formula Theorem 103 Dénes Kőnig (1884–1944) The Frobenius–Kőnig Theorem Theorem 62 Kőnig's Bipartite Matching Theorem Theorem 185 Sergei Konyagin The Large Prime Gaps Theorem Theorem 241 Anton Kotzig (1919–1991) The Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem Theorem 168 Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850–1891) The Cauchy–Kovalevskya Theorem Theorem 88 Cheng Yeaw Ku An Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem on Intersecting Permutations Theorem 66 Daniela Kühn 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 Kazimierz Kuratowski (1896–1980) Kuratowski's Theorem Theorem 24 Kuratowski's 14-Set Theorem Theorem 239

L	Robert Lachlan (1861–1945) The Descartes Circle Theorem Theorem 179 Jeffrey Lagarias A Theorem on Apollonian Circle Packings Theorem 130 The Robin–Lagarias Theorem Theorem 197 Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736–1813) Lagrange's Theorem Theorem 41 Lagrange's Four Squares Theorem Theorem 11 The Lagrange Interpolation Formula Theorem 124 Wilson's Theorem Theorem 194 Taylor's Theorem Theorem 217 A Theorem on Modular Fibonacci Periodicity Theorem 235 Lagrange's Lemma Theorem 199 The Polygonal Number Theorem Theorem 262 Clement Lam The Bruck–Ryser–Chowla Theorem Theorem 3 Johann Heinrich Lambert (1738–1777) Lambert's Formula Theorem 121 Irrationality of Circumference of Unit Circle Theorem 216 Gabriel Lamé (1795–1870) Lamé's Theorem Theorem 87 Cornelius Lanczos (1893–1974) The Convolution Theorem Theorem 95 Leo Jerome Lange (1928–2018) Euler's Continued Fraction Correspondence Theorem 203 Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827) The Central Limit Theorem Theorem 7 Benoit Larose An Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem on Intersecting Permutations Theorem 66 Victor Amedee Lebesgue (1791–1875) Catalan's Conjecture Theorem 118 Adrien-Marie Legendre (1752–1833) Euler's Polyhedral Formula Theorem 26 Gauss' Law of Quadratic Reciprocity Theorem 29 Germain's Theorem Theorem 59 The Prime Number Theorem Theorem 33 The Eratosthenes–Legendre Sieve Theorem 207 Derrick H. Lehmer (1905–1991) The Lucas–Lehmer Test Theorem 127 Emma Markovna Trotskaia Lehmer (1906–2007) The Bungers–Lehmer Theorem on Cyclotomic Coefficients Theorem 175 Thomas A. Lehrer Distribution of Local Maxima in Random Samples Theorem 257 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646–1716) The Fundamental Theorem of the Calculus Theorem 6 Fermat's Little Theorem Theorem 13 Wilson's Theorem Theorem 194 The Alternating Series Test Theorem 245 Cornelis Gerrit Lekkerkerker (1922–1999) Zeckendorf's Theorem Theorem 42 Leonid Levin Cook's Theorem Theorem 14 David Lewin (1933–2003) The Generalised Hexachord Theorem Theorem 93 Leonard Lewin (1919–2007) The Basel Problem Theorem 210 Guillaume de L'Hospital (1661–1704) L'Hospital's Rule Theorem 191 Simon L'Huilier (1750–1840) Brahmagupta's Formula Theorem 76 Elliott H. Lieb Lieb's Square Ice Theorem Theorem 144 Jarl Waldemar Lindeberg (1876–1932) The Central Limit Theorem Theorem 7 Ferdinand von Lindemann (1852–1939) The Lindemann–Weierstrass Theorem Theorem 167 Alexei Lisitsa The Erdős Discrepancy Conjecture Theorem 209 Ramon Llull (1235–1316) Pascal's Rule Theorem 39 Allan Siu Lun Lo 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 László Lovász Kneser's Conjecture Theorem 119 The Lovász Local Lemma Theorem 120 David Lubell The LYM Inequality Theorem 244 Edouard Lucas (1842–1891) Lucas' Theorem Theorem 38 The Lucas–Lehmer Test Theorem 127 Vaughan Pratt's Theorem Theorem 138 A Theorem on Modular Fibonacci Periodicity Theorem 235 Félix Lucas (fl. 1880) Sendov's Conjecture Theorem 178 Thomasz Łuczak The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 Elisabeth Lutz (1914–2008) The Lutz–Nagell Theorem Theorem 81 Aleksandr Lyapunov (1857–1918) The Central Limit Theorem Theorem 7

M	Shiela Oates MacDonald see Sheila Williams John Machin (1680–1751) Machin's Formula Theorem 170 Colin Maclaurin (1698–1746) Taylor's Theorem Theorem 217 F. Jessie MacWilliams (1917–1990) MacWilliams' Theorem Theorem 72 Davin Maddox The Goins–Maddox–Rusin Theorem on Heron Triangles Theorem 104 Madhava of Sangamagramma (1350–1425) Machin's Formula Theorem 170 Endre Makai (1915–1987) The Happy Ending Problem Theorem 9 Colin Mallows A Theorem on Apollonian Circle Packings Theorem 130 Ernest Malo (1856–1915) A Theorem of Schur on Real Rootedness Theorem 148 Claudia Malvenuto An Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem on Intersecting Permutations Theorem 66 Henry Berthold Mann (1905–2000) The Existence Theorem for Bachelor Latin Squares Theorem 176 Dorothy Manning see under S for Smiley Willem Mantel (fl. 1900) A Tripartite Turán Theorem Theorem 155 Marvin Marcus (1927–2016) van der Waerden's Conjecture Theorem 113 Adrian Mathias The Erdős Discrepancy Conjecture Theorem 209 Yuri Matiyasevich The DPRM Theorem Theorem 30 Jiří Matoušek Kneser's Conjecture Theorem 119 James Maynard The Large Prime Gaps Theorem Theorem 241 John McCay The Bruck–Ryser–Chowla Theorem Theorem 3 William McCune The Robbins Problem Theorem 110 Colin McDiarmid The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 Annabelle McIver The McIver–Neumann Half-n Bound Theorem 159 James H. McKay (1928–2012) Cauchy's Theorem in Group Theory Theorem 227 Lin McMullin Lin McMullin's Theorem Theorem 165 Albrecht Ludwig Friedrich Meister (1724–1788) The Shoelace Formula Theorem 263 Karl Menger (1902–1985) Kuratowski's Theorem Theorem 24 Pietro Mengoli (1626–1686) The Basel Problem Theorem 210 Marin Mersenne (1588–1648) The Lucas–Lehmer Test Theorem 127 Lev Dmitrievich Meshalkin (1934–2000) The LYM Inequality Theorem 244 Claude Gaspar Bachet de Méziriac see Bachet Silvio Micali Quadratic Nonresidue is Zero-Knowledge Provable Theorem 161 Preda Mihăilescu Catalan's Conjecture Theorem 118 R. James Milgram Dilworth's Theorem Theorem 19 Henryk Minc (1919–2013) Bregman's Theorem Theorem 112 Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) Minkowski's Convex Body Theorem Theorem 200 Fermat's Two-Squares Theorem Theorem 199 Auguste Miquel (1816–1851) The Five Circle Theorem Theorem 84 Miquel's Triangle Theorem Theorem 55 Leon Mirsky (1918–1983) The Transversal Matroid Theorem Theorem 157 Magnus Gösta Mittag-Leffler (1846–1927) Euler's Product Formula for Sine Theorem 247 Abraham de Moivre see De Moivre Theodore Molien (1861–1941) The Wedderburn–Artin Theorem Theorem 123 G.B. Money-Coutts (?1905–?1979) The 6-Circles Theorem Theorem 213 Richard Montgomery The Diaconis–Holmes–Montgomery Coin Tossing Theorem Theorem 164 Pierre Rémond de Montmort see De Montmort Eliakim Hastings Moore (1862–1932) Galois' Theorem on Finite Fields Theorem 58 The Bose Equivalence Theorem in Design Theory Theorem 54 G. Eric Moorhouse The Lagrange Property for Moufang Loops Theorem 114 Charles Moreau (1837–1916) Moreau's Necklace Formula Theorem 256 Augustus de Morgan see De Morgan Frank Morley (1860–1937) Morley's Miracle Theorem 56 Lee Most The Existence Theorem for Orthogonal Diagonal Latin Squares Theorem 131 Mel Most (?–c.1992) The Existence Theorem for Orthogonal Diagonal Latin Squares Theorem 131 Theodore Samuel Motzkin (1908–1970) Bertrand's Ballot Theorem Theorem 252 Ruth Moufang (1905–1977) Moufang's Theorem Theorem 61 Oleg Musin The Delsarte–Goethals–Seidel Theorem Theorem 83

N	Trygve Nagell (1895–1988) The Lutz–Nagell Theorem Theorem 81 Melvyn B. Nathanson The Polygonal Number Theorem Theorem 262 Eugen Otto Erwin Netto (1848–1919) Netto's Conjecture (Dixon's Theorem) Theorem 49 Peter M. Neumann (1940–2020) Neumann's Separation Lemma Theorem 64 The McIver–Neumann Half-n Bound Theorem 159 John von Neumann see von Neumann Rolf Nevanlinna (1895–1980) Nevanlinna's Five-Value Theorem Theorem 97 Morris Newman (1924–2007) van der Waerden's Conjecture Theorem 113 Isaac Newton (1643–1727) The Binomial Theorem Theorem 47 The Fundamental Theorem of the Calculus Theorem 6 The Lagrange Interpolation Formula Theorem 124 The Girard–Newton Identities Theorem 182 Thomas Niessen 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 Nilakantha Somayaji (1444–1544) Euler's Continued Fraction Correspondence Theorem 203 Ivan Niven (1915–1999) Irrationality of Circumference of Unit Circle Theorem 216 Amalie ('Emmy') Noether (1882–1935) Noether's Symmetry Theorem Theorem 86 The First Isomorphism Theorem Theorem 34 The Second Isomorphism Theorems Theorem 35 The Third Isomorphism Theorem Theorem 253 The Skolem–Noether Theorem Theorem 125 The Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether Main Theorem Theorem 158

O	Shiela Oates see Sheila Williams William of Ockham (c. 1288–1348) De Morgan's Laws Theorem 111 Kathleen Adebola Okikiolu The Analyst's Travelling Salesman Theorem Theorem 108 Kathleen Ollerenshaw (1912–2014) The Ollerenshaw–Brée Formula Theorem 129 Ken Ono The Ramanujan Partition Congruences Theorem 173 Øystein Ore (1899–1968) Ore's Theorem in Graph Theory Theorem 230 Nicole Oresme (1323–1382) The Merton College Theorem Theorem 20 The Fundamental Theorem of the Calculus Theorem 6 Torricelli's Trumpet Theorem 208 The Alternating Series Test Theorem 245 Deryk Osthus 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80

P	Edgar Milan Palmer (1934–2015) Ore's Theorem in Graph Theory Theorem 230 Pappus of Alexandria (c. 290–c. 350) Pappus' Theorem Theorem 44 The Pappus–Guldin Theorems Theorem 220 Parameśvara (c. 1370– c. 1460) Brahmagupta's Formula Theorem 76 Ernest Tilden Parker (1926–1991) The Existence Theorem for Orthogonal Diagonal Latin Squares Theorem 131 Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) Pascal's Rule Theorem 39 Walter Francis Penney (1913–2000) Distribution of Local Maxima in Random Samples Theorem 257 Hazel Perfect (?–2015) The Transversal Matroid Theorem Theorem 157 Ljubomir Perkovic 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 Micha A. Perles The Pumping Lemma Theorem 105 Lindsay Peters The Happy Ending Problem Theorem 99 Johann Friedrich Pfaff (1765–1825) Kasteleyn's Theorem Theorem 105 Florian Pfender The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 George Alexander Pick (1859–1942) Pick's Theorem Theorem 77 Michael J. Piff The Piff–Welsh Theorem Theorem 141 Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai (1901–1950) Catalan's Conjecture Theorem 118 Pingala (3rd c. BC) The Binomial Theorem Theorem 47 János Pintz The Small Prime Gaps Theorem Theorem 151 Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840) The Law of Large Numbers Theorem 43 The Fundamental Theorem of the Calculus Theorem 6 Henry Otto Pollak The Parking Function Formula Theorem 103 George Pólya (1887–1985) The Pólya–Redfield Enumeration Theorem Theorem 242 Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788–1876) Poncelet's Porism Theorem 229 Lev Semenovich Pontrjagin (1908–1988) Kuratowski's Theorem Theorem 24 Emil Post (1897–1954) The Insolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem Theorem 186 Lionel Pournin The Rotation Distance Bound Theorem 192 Charles de la Vallée Poussin see de la Vallée Poussin M.T. Powell (fl. 1971) The 6-Circles Theorem Theorem 213 Cheryl E. Praeger The Sims Conjecture Theorem 65 Praeger's Theorem on Bounded Movement Theorem 135 Vaughan Ronald Pratt Vaughan Pratt's Theorem Theorem 138 Donald Arthur Preece (1939–2014) A Theorem of Anderson, Cameron and Preece on Groups of Units Theorem 243 James E. Pretty Dunn and Pretty's Triangle-Halving Deltoid Theorem 260 Claudius Ptolemy (c. 85–c. 165) Brahmagupta's Formula Theorem 76 Hilary Putnam (1926–2016) The DPRM Theorem Theorem 30 Ronald Pyke (1931–2005) The Parking Function Formula Theorem 103 Pythagoras of Samos(c. 569 BC–c. 475 BC) The Pythagorean Theorem Theorem 27

R	Charles Rackoff Quadratic Nonresidue is Zero-Knowledge Provable Theorem 161 Richard Rado (1906–1989) The Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem Theorem 195 Johann Radon (1887–1956) The Tverberg Partition Theorem Theorem 107 Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887–1920) The Hardy–Ramanujan Asymptotic Partition Formula Theorem 115 The Ramanujan Partition Congruences Theorem 173 The Robin–Lagarias Theorem Theorem 197 The Riemann Exact Formula Theorem 232 Frank Plumpton Ramsey (1903–1930) Ramsey's Theorem Theorem 28 John Howard Redfield (1879–1944) The Pólya–Redfield Enumeration Theorem Theorem 242 Bruce Reed The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 Johann Müller Regiomontanus (1436–1476) The Spherical Law of Cosines Theorem 225 Kurt Reidemeister (1893–1971) Reidemeister's Theorem Theorem 67 Alfréd Rényi (1921–1970) The Asymptotic Proportion of Connected Forests Theorem 136 The Friendship Theorem Theorem 163 The Asymptotic (Half) Liar Formula Theorem 126 Kenneth Alan Ribet Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866) The Prime Number Theorem Theorem 33 The Robin–Lagarias Theorem Theorem 197 The Riemann Exact Formula Theorem 232 The Riemann Rearrangement Theorem Theorem 218 Euler's Product Formula for ζ(s) Theorem 246 Herbert Ellis Robbins (1915–2001) The Robbins Problem Theorem 110 Neil Robertson The Robertson–Seymour Graph Minors Theorem Theorem 52 The Strong Perfect Graph Theorem Theorem 60 The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Guy Robin The Robin–Lagarias Theorem Theorem 197 Paul Robin (fl. 1890) The Classification of the Semiregular Tilings Theorem 205 Gilbert de Beauregard Robinson (1906–1992) The Robinson–Schensted–Knuth Correspondence Theorem 143 Julia Robinson (1919–1985) The DPRM Theorem Theorem 30 Giannantonio Rocca (1607–1659) The Pappus–Guldin Theorems Theorem 220 John Berkley Rosser (1907–1989) The Ollerenshaw–Brée Formula Theorem 129 Paolo Ruffini (1765–1822) The Remainder Theorem Theorem 154 Dave Rusin The Goins–Maddox–Rusin Theorem on Heron Triangles Theorem 104 Herbert John Ryser (1923–1985) The Bruck–Ryser–Chowla Theorem Theorem 3

S	Antoine de Saint Exupéry (1900–1944) Euclid's Pythagorean Formula Theorem 261 Daniel P. Sanders The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Pierre Frédéric Sarrus (1798–1861) The Rule of Sarrus Theorem 96 Norbert Sauer Bondy's Subset Theorem Theorem 265 Nicholas Saunderson (1682–1739) Bayes' Theorem Theorem 10 Carla D. Savage The Polynomial Coprimality Theorem Theorem 116 Jan Saxl (1948–2020) The Sims Conjecture Theorem 65 Craige Eugene Schensted The Robinson–Schensted–Knuth Correspondence Theorem 143 William Schneeberger The Fifteen Theorem Theorem 79 Ernst Schröder (1841–1902) The Cantor–Bernstein–Schröder Theorem Theorem 196 Heinrich Schröter (1829–1892) Euler's Product Formula for Sine Theorem 247 Issai Schur (1875–1941) A Theorem of Schur on Real Rootedness Theorem 148 Schur's Commuting Matrices Bound Theorem 259 Kurt Schütte (1909–1998) The Delsarte–Goethals–Seidel Theorem Theorem 83 George Earl Schweigert Heath's Finitely Discontinuous Function Theorem Theorem 162 Johan Jacob Seidel (1919–2001) The Delsarte–Goethals–Seidel Theorem Theorem 83 Gary Seitz (1943–2023) The Sims Conjecture Theorem 65 Takakazu Shinsuke Seki (1642–1708) Faulhaber's Formula Theorem 222 Blagovest Hristov Sendov Sendov's Conjecture Theorem 178 Jean-Pierre Serre Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 Paul D. Seymour The Robertson–Seymour Graph Minors Theorem Theorem 52 The Strong Perfect Graph Theorem Theorem 60 The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Lloyd S. Shapley (1923–2016) The Stable Marriage Theorem Theorem 68 Oleksandr Mikolaiovich Sharkovsky Sharkovsky's Theorem Theorem 71 Eli Shamir The Pumping Lemma Theorem 105 Claude Elwood Shannon (1916–2001) The Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem Theorem 168 Saharon Shelah Bondy's Subset Theorem Theorem 265 Jian Shen A Tripartite Turán Theorem Theorem 155 Goro Shimura (1930–2019) Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 Gerard Sierksma The Tverberg Partition Theorem Theorem 107 Charles C. Sims (1938–2017) Sims' Conjecture Theorem 65 David Singerman A Theorem on Modular Fibonacci Periodicity Theorem 235 David Singmaster (1938–2023) Singmaster's Binomial Multiplicity Bound Theorem 204 Thoralf Albert Skolem (1887–1963) The Skolem–Noether Theorem Theorem 125 Daniel D. Sleator The Rotation Distance Bound Theorem 192 Dorothy Manning Smiley (1909–1988) A Generalised Hlawka Inequality Theorem 234 Malcolm Finley Smiley (1915–1982) A Generalised Hlawka Inequality Theorem 234 Cedric Austen Bardell Smith (1917–2002) The BEST Theorem Theorem 171 Derek H. Smith Cameron's Theorem on Distance-Transitive Graphs Theorem 46 Paul Althaus Smith (1900–1980) Kuratowski's Theorem Theorem 24 James Laurie Snell (1925–2011) Kemeny's Constant Theorem 236 Frederick Soddy (1877–1956) The Descartes Circle Theorem Theorem 179 Alan David Sokal Sokal's Theorem on Chromatic Roots Theorem 169 Nilakantha Somayaji see Nilakantha Somayaji Duncan Sommerville (1879–1934) The Classification of the Semiregular Tilings Theorem 205 Vera Sós The Three-Distance Theorem Theorem 78 The Friendship Theorem Theorem 163 Joel Spencer The Asymptotic (Half) Liar Formula Theorem 126 The Lovász Local Lemma Theorem 120 Emanuel Sperner (1905–1980) Sperner's Lemma Theorem 16 The LYM Inequality Theorem 244 Karl von Staudt (1798–1867) Euler's Polyhedral Formula Theorem 26 Jakob Steiner (1796–1863) The Descartes Circle Theorem Theorem 179 The Power of a Point Theorem Theorem 250 Hugo Steinhaus (1887–1972) The Three-Distance Theorem Theorem 78 Moritz Abraham Stern (1807–1894) Countability of the Rationals Theorem 255 Wilfred Leslie Stevens (1911–1958) The Bose Equivalence Theorem in Design Theory Theorem 54 James Stirling (1692–1770) Stirling's Approximation Theorem 40 Alicia Boole Stott see under Boole Volker Strassen Strassen's Matrix Theorem Theorem 139 Sun Zi see under Z for Zi János Surányi (1918–2006) The Three-Distance Theorem Theorem 78 Stanisław Świerczkowski (1932–2015) The Three-Distance Theorem Theorem 78 Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem Theorem 74 Stanley Swiercz The Bruck–Ryser–Chowla Theorem Theorem 3 Richard Swineshead (fl. c. 1340–1354) The Merton College Theorem Theorem 20 Peter Ludwig Mejdell Sylow (1832–1918) Sylow's Theorems Theorem 258 Cauchy's Theorem in Group Theory Theorem 227 Ludwig Sylow (1832–1918) Sylow's Theorems Theorem 258 James Joseph Sylvester (1814–1897) Cayley's Formula (Tree Enumeration) Theorem 94 Sylvester's Law of Inertia Theorem 142 Sylvester's Catalecticant Theorem 237 Balázs Szegedy Strassen's Matrix Theorem Theorem 139 Esther Szekeres see under K for Klein George Szekeres (1911–2005) The Happy Ending Problem Theorem 99 Peter Szüsz (1924–2008) The Three-Distance Theorem Theorem 78

T	Serge Tabachnikov The 6-Circles Theorem Theorem 213 Yutaka Taniyama (1927–1958) Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 Terence Tao The Green–Tao Theorem on Primes in Arithmetic Progression Theorem 32 The Large Prime Gaps Theorem Theorem 241 Robert E. Tarjan The Rotation Distance Bound Theorem 192 Alfred Tarski (1902–1983) The Well-Ordering Theorem Theorem 17 Nicolo Tartaglia (1500–1557) Cardano's Cubic Formula Theorem 90 Brook Taylor (1685–1731) Taylor's Theorem Theorem 217 Integration by Parts Theorem 219 Richard Lawrence Taylor Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 Nikolai Grigor'evich Tchudakoff see Chudakov> Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley (1915–2017) Kasteleyn's Theorem Theorem 254 Thales of Miletus (c.624 BC–c. 547 BC) Thales' Theorem Theorem 63 Theaetetus of Athens (c.417 BC–c. 369 BC) Theaetetus' Theorem on the Platonic Solids Theorem 132 Larry Thiel The Bruck–Ryser–Chowla Theorem Theorem 3 Robin Thomas (1962–2020) The Strong Perfect Graph Theorem Theorem 60 The Four-Colour Theorem Theorem 8 Andrew Thomason The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 Stéphan Thomassé A Tripartite Turán Theorem Theorem 155 Carsten Thomassen A Tripartite Turán Theorem Theorem 155 The Lovász Local Lemma Theorem 120 William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) (1824–1907) The Change of Variables Theorem Theorem 134 Axel Thue (1863–1922) Kepler's Conjecture Theorem 101 William P. Thurston (1946–2012) The Rotation Distance Bound Theorem 192 Evangelista Torricelli(1608–1647) Torricelli's Trumpet Theorem 208 László Fejes Tóth (1915–2005) Kepler's Conjecture Theorem 101 Andrew Treglown 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 John Tukey (1915–2000) The Convolution Theorem Theorem 95 Jerrold Bates Tunnell (1950–2022) Tunnell's Theorem Theorem 264 Paul Turán (1910–1976) The Happy Ending Problem Theorem 99 Alan Mathison Turing (1912–1954) The Insolvability of the Entscheidungsproblem Theorem 186 The Central Limit Theorem Theorem 7 William Thomas Tutte (1917–2002) The BEST Theorem Theorem 171 Tutte's Golden Identity Theorem 223 The Hanani–Tutte Theorem Theorem 251 Helge Tverberg The Tverberg Partition Theorem Theorem 107 John Alfred Tyrrell (1932–1992) The 6-Circles Theorem Theorem 213 Sun Tzu see Sun Zi

U	Stanisław Ulam (1909–1984) The Borsuk–Ulam Theorem Theorem 122 Chris Umans Strassen's Matrix Theorem Theorem 139 James Victor Uspensky (1883–1947) The Hardy–Ramanujan Asymptotic Partition Formula Theorem 115

V	Charles de la Vallée Poussin see de la Vallée Poussin Tatyana Pavlovna van Aardenne-Ehrenfest (1905–2002) The BEST Theorem Theorem 171 Bartel Leendert van der Waerden (1903–1996) van der Waerden's Conjecture Theorem 113 The Delsarte–Goethals–Seidel Theorem Theorem 83 Vladimir Naumovich Vapnik Bondy's Subset Theorem Theorem 265 François Viète (1540–1603) Viète's Formula Theorem 102 Vadim Georgievich Vizing Vizing's Theorem Theorem 212 Lutz Volkmann 1-Factorisation of Regular Graphs Theorem 80 Gotfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz see von Leibniz Ferdinand Von Lindemann see von Lindemann John von Neumann (1903–1957) The Birkhoff–von Neumann Theorem Theorem 57 The von Neumann Minimax Theorem Theorem 184 Karl von Staudt see von Staudt Kristina Vušković The Strong Perfect Graph Theorem Theorem 60

W	Bartel Leendert van der Waerden see van der Waerden Klaus Wagner (1910–2000) Wagner's Theorem Theorem 25 Stanley Wagon A Theorem about Gaussian Moats Theorem 248 David Wajc The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 Robert J. Walker (1909–1992) The Ollerenshaw–Brée Formula Theorem 129 Donald Dines Wall (1921–2000) A Theorem on Modular Fibonacci Periodicity Theorem 235 John Wallis (1616–1703) Wallis's Product Theorem 137 Walter D. Wallis The Existence Theorem for Orthogonal Diagonal Latin Squares Theorem 131 Tao Wang The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 70 Ian M. Wanless The Existence Theorem for Bachelor Latin Squares Theorem 176 Morgan Ward (1901–1963) A Theorem on Modular Fibonacci Periodicity Theorem 235 Edward Waring (1736–1798) Lagrange's Four Squares Theorem Theorem 11 Bridget Webb The Existence Theorem for Bachelor Latin Squares Theorem 176 Joseph Wedderburn (1882–1948) The Wedderburn–Artin Theorem Theorem 123 Wedderburn's Little Theorem Theorem 215 Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass (1815–1897) The Lindemann–Weierstrass Theorem Theorem 167 Euler's Product Formula for Sine André Weil (1906–1998) Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 Benjamin Weiss The Parking Function Formula Theorem 103 Dominic Welsh (1938–2023) The Piff–Welsh Theorem Theorem 141 Caspar Wessel (1745–1818) Euler's Formula Theorem 206 William Allen Whitworth (1840–1905) Bertrand's Ballot Theorem Theorem 252 Brian Wick A Theorem about Gaussian Moats Theorem 248 Andrew Wiles Fermat's Last Theorem Theorem 9 Herbert S. Wilf (1931–2012) The Polynomial Coprimality Theorem Theorem 116 Allan R. Wilks A Theorem on Apollonian Circle Packings Theorem 130 Christopher Paul Willans (1942–1971) Willans' Formula Theorem 211 William of Ockham see Ockham Sheila Williams Neumann's Separation Lemma Theorem 64 Virginia Vassilevska Williams Strassen's Matrix Theorem Theorem 139 John Wilson (1741–1793) Wilson's Theorem Theorem 194 Willans' Formula Theorem 211 Robin J. Wilson A Theorem of Erdős and Wilson on Edge Colouring Theorem 117 Steven Winker The Robbins Problem Theorem 110 Shmuel Winograd Strassen's Matrix Theorem Theorem 139 Joseph Wolstenholme (1829–1891) Wolstenholme's Theorem Theorem 226 James Wood (1760–1839) The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Theorem 5 Douglas Woodall Woodall's Hopping Lemma Theorem 150 Max See Chin Woon Euler's Even Zeta Formula Theorem 238 Hugh Worthington (1752–1813) Taylor's Theorem Theorem 217 Larry Wos The Robbins Problem Theorem 110 Willem Abraham Wythoff (1865–1939) The Classification of Archimedean 4-Polytopes Theorem 160

X	Jia Xian (c.1010–c.1070) Pascal's Rule Theorem 39 Guangping Xiang Sendov's Conjecture Theorem 178

Y	Koichi Yamamoto The LYM Inequality Theorem 204 Catherine Yan A Theorem on Apollonian Circle Packings Theorem 204 Cem Yalçıl Yıldırım The Small Prime Gaps Theorem Theorem 204 Qinglin Roger Yu The 1-2-3 Conjecture Theorem 204

Z	Don Zagier Fermat's Two-Squares Theorem Theorem 204 Andrei Zavarnitsine The Lagrange Property for Moufang Loops Theorem 204 Edouard Zeckendorf (1901–1983) Zeckendorf's Theorem Theorem 204 Doron Zeilberger The Polynomial Coprimality Theorem Theorem 204 Ernst Zermelo (1871–1953) The Well-Ordering Theorem Theorem 204 Sun Zi (c.400–c.460) The Chinese Remainder Theorem Theorem 204 Yitang Zhang The Small Prime Gaps Theorem Theorem 204 Zhu Lie The Existence Theorem for Orthogonal Diagonal Latin Squares Theorem 204